Mugihe kitarenze imyaka 100, umuntu wese yashoboraga kureba hejuru yikirere akabona ikirere cyiza nijoro.Amamiliyoni y'abana ntazigera abona Inzira y'Amata mu bihugu byabo.Kwiyongera no gukwirakwiza amatara yubukorikori nijoro ntabwo bigira ingaruka gusa kubitekerezo byacu byinzira y'Amata, ahubwo binagira ingaruka kumutekano, gukoresha ingufu, nubuzima.
Umwanda uhumanya ni iki?
Twese tumenyereye kwanduza ikirere, amazi nubutaka.Ariko wari uzi kandi ko urumuri na rwo ruhumanya?
Guhumanya urumuri ni bidakwiye cyangwa bikabije gukoresha urumuri.Irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije ku bantu, ku binyabuzima no ku kirere cyacu.Umwanda uhumanya urimo:
Glare- Umucyo ukabije ushobora gutera uburibwe mumaso.
Skyglow- Kumurika ikirere nijoro ahantu hatuwe
Ubwinjiracyaha- Iyo urumuri ruguye aho rutari rukenewe cyangwa rwagenewe.
Akajagari- Ijambo ryakoreshejwe mu gusobanura amatsinda arenze, yaka kandi yitiranya amatara.
Inganda zubusabane zateye umwanda.Umwanda uhumanya uterwa n'amasoko atandukanye, harimo amatara yo hanze n'imbere imbere, amatangazo, imitungo y'ubucuruzi n'ibiro, inganda n'amatara yo kumuhanda.
Amatara menshi yo hanze akoreshwa nijoro ntabwo akora, arasa cyane, ntabwo agenewe neza, cyangwa arinzwe nabi.Mubihe byinshi, nabyo ntibikenewe rwose.Umucyo n'amashanyarazi byakoreshwaga mu kubyaza umusaruro biba ubusa iyo bijugunywe mu kirere aho kwibanda ku bintu n'ahantu abantu bifuza kumurika.
Umwanda uhumanye ni mubi?
Kurumuri ni impungenge ku isi yose, kuko igice kinini cyabatuye isi baba munsi yikirere cyanduye.Urashobora kubona umwanda niba utuye mumujyi cyangwa mumujyi.Gusa sohoka nijoro urebe mu kirere.
Nk’uko byatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2016 “World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness”, 80 ku ijana by'abantu babaho munsi yubururu bwijoro.Muri Amerika, Uburayi na Aziya, abantu 99 ku ijana ntibashobora kubona umugoroba usanzwe!
Ingaruka zo kwanduza urumuri
Mu myaka miriyari eshatu, injyana yumwijima numucyo kwisi yaremwe gusa nizuba, ukwezi, ninyenyeri.Amatara yubukorikori ubu yarenze umwijima, imigi yacu irabagirana nijoro.Ibi byahungabanije imiterere karemano yumunsi nijoro kandi byahinduye uburinganire bwiza mubidukikije.Birashobora gusa nkaho ingaruka mbi zo gutakaza uyu mutungo kamere utera imbaraga zidafatika.Ibimenyetso byinshi bikura bihuza kumurika ikirere nijoro n'ingaruka mbi zishobora gupimwa, harimo:
* Kongera ingufu zikoreshwa
* Guhungabanya urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima n'ibinyabuzima
* Kwangiza ubuzima bwabantu
* Icyaha n'umutekano: inzira nshya
Umuturage wese yibasiwe n’umwanda.Impungenge z’umwanda wiyongereye cyane.Abahanga, banyiri amazu, amashyirahamwe y’ibidukikije n’abayobozi ba gisivili bose bafata ingamba zo kugarura ijoro risanzwe.Twese dushobora gushyira mubikorwa ibisubizo byaho, mugihugu ndetse no kwisi yose kugirango turwanye umwanda.
Umwanda Wanduye & Intego Zingirakamaro
Nibyiza kumenya ko bitandukanye nubundi buryo bwo guhumanya ikirere, umwanda uhinduka.Twese dushobora gukora itandukaniro.Ntabwo bihagije kumenya ikibazo.Ugomba gufata ingamba.Umuntu wese ushaka kuzamura amatara yo hanze agomba intego yo gukoresha ingufu nkeya.
Gusobanukirwa ko urumuri rupfusha ubusa rupfusha ubusa imbaraga ntirufasha gusa guhinduranya LED, ziyobora kurusha HIDs, ariko kandi bivuze ko kugabanya umwanda uhumanya bishyigikira intego nziza.Kumurika ingufu zikoreshwa bigabanuka cyane muguhuza igenzura.Hariho ibindi bintu ugomba gusuzuma, cyane cyane iyo amatara yubukorikori yongewe kumiterere nijoro.
Ijoro ni ingenzi kuri gahunda y'ibidukikije ku isi.Amatara yo hanze arashobora gushimisha no kugera ku ntego nziza mugihe atanga neza.Igomba kandi kugabanya guhungabana nijoro.
Ikirere Cyijimye Ikiranga Ibicuruzwa Ibiranga
Birashobora kugorana kubona ankumurika hanzeni Ikirere Cyijimye.Twakoze urutonde hamwe nibintu bimwe na bimwe tugomba gusuzuma, bifitanye isano n'ikirere cyijimye, naIbicuruzwa bya VKSzirimo.
Ubushyuhe bw'amabara bufitanye isano (CCT)
Ijambo chromaticity risobanura umutungo wumucyo ushingiye kuri hue no kwiyuzuzamo.CCT ni impfunyapfunyo ya chromaticity coords.Byakoreshejwe mugusobanura ibara ryumucyo wamugereranije nuburebure bwumucyo wumucyo uturuka kumirasire yumubiri wumukara ushyushye kugeza aho urumuri rugaragara rukorerwa.Ubushyuhe bwumwuka ushushe burashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza uburebure bwumucyo utanga.Ubushyuhe bw'amabara bufitanye isano buzwi kandi nka CCT.
Abakora amatara bakoresha indangagaciro za CCT kugirango batange igitekerezo rusange cyukuntu "ubushyuhe" cyangwa "akonje" urumuri ruturuka ku isoko.Agaciro CCT kagaragarira muri dogere ya Kelvin, yerekana ubushyuhe bwimirasire yumubiri wumukara.CCT yo hepfo ni 2000-3000K kandi igaragara orange cyangwa umuhondo.Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, sprifike ihinduka 5000-6500K ikonje.
Kuki CCT ishyushye ikoreshwa cyane mwijuru ryijimye?
Iyo uganira ku mucyo, ni ngombwa kwerekana intera yumuraba kuko ingaruka zumucyo zigenwa cyane nuburebure bwacyo kuruta ibara ryayo.Inkomoko ishyushye ya CCT izaba ifite SPD yo hasi (gukwirakwiza ingufu za Spectral) n'umucyo muke mubururu.Itara ry'ubururu rishobora gutera urumuri no kuguruka kuko uburebure buke bwurumuri rwubururu byoroshye gutatana.Ibi birashobora kandi kuba ikibazo kubashoferi bakuze.Itara ry'ubururu ni ingingo yo kuganira cyane kandi ikomeje kubyerekeye ingaruka zayo ku bantu, ku nyamaswa no ku bimera.
Ibicuruzwa bya VKS bifite ubushyuhe CCT
Lens hamweByuzuyena Diffuse (U0)
Umwijima w'icuraburindi Umucyo bisaba gukata byuzuye cyangwa U0 urumuri rusohoka.Ibi bivuze iki?Byuzuye-ijambo ni ijambo rishaje, ariko rirasobanura neza igitekerezo.Igipimo cya U kiri murwego rwa BUG.
IES yateje imbere BUG nk'uburyo bwo kubara umubare w'urumuri rusohoka mu cyerekezo utabigenewe n'amatara yo hanze.BUG ni amagambo ahinnye ya Lightlight Uplight na Glare.Ibipimo byose nibimenyetso byingenzi byerekana imikorere ya luminaire.
Amatara na Glare bigize igice kinini cyibiganiro byerekeranye no kurenga urumuri no guhumana.Ariko reka turebe neza kuri Uplight.Umucyo wasohotse hejuru, hejuru yumurongo wa dogere 90 (0 kumanuka hepfo), no hejuru yumucyo ni Hejuru.Nuguta urumuri niba rutamurikira ikintu runaka cyangwa ubuso.Kumurika kumurika mu kirere, bigira uruhare mu kirere iyo bigaragarira mu bicu.
Urutonde rwa U ruzaba zeru (zeru) niba nta mucyo uzamuka kandi urumuri rwaciwe burundu kuri dogere 90.Urwego rushoboka rushoboka ni U5.Igipimo cya BUG ntabwo kirimo urumuri rusohoka hagati ya dogere 0-60.
VKS Amatara yumwuzure hamwe na U0 Amahitamo
Ingabo
Luminaire yashizweho kugirango ikurikize uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri.Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri bukoreshwa mugutezimbere nijoro mubice nkumuhanda, umuhanda, umuhanda, n'inzira.Tekereza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri nkibice byubaka bikoreshwa mugutwikira ahantu hamwe numucyo.Urashobora gushaka kumurika uduce tumwe na tumwe, cyane cyane mubice byo guturamo.
Ingabo zigufasha gushiraho urumuri ukurikije ibyo ukeneye muguhagarika, gukingira cyangwa kongera kuyobora urumuri rwerekanwe mumatara yihariye.LED luminaire yacu yateguwe kumara imyaka irenga 20.Mu myaka 20, byinshi birashobora guhinduka.Igihe kirenze, amazu mashya arashobora kubakwa, cyangwa ibiti birashobora gukenerwa gutemwa.Ingabo zirashobora gushyirwaho mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho luminaire cyangwa nyuma, mugusubiza impinduka mubidukikije.Skyglow igabanywa namatara U0 akingiwe rwose, agabanya urumuri rwatatanye mukirere.
Ibicuruzwa bya VKS hamwe na Shield
Dimming
Dimming irashobora kuba ingenzi cyane kumatara yo hanze kugirango ugabanye umwanda.Nibihinduka kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo kuzigama amashanyarazi.VKS umurongo wose wibicuruzwa byo kumurika hanze bizana amahitamo adahinduka.Urashobora kugabanya umusaruro wumucyo kugabanya gukoresha ingufu naho ubundi.Dimming ninzira nziza yo kugumisha ibikoresho hamwe no kubitandukanya ukurikije ibikenewe.Shira itara rimwe cyangwa byinshi.Amatara maremare yerekana umwanya muto cyangwa ibihe.
Urashobora kugabanya ibicuruzwa bya VKS muburyo bubiri butandukanye.Ibicuruzwa byacu birahuye na 0-10V dimming na DALI dimming.
Ibicuruzwa bya VKS hamwe na Dimming
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-09-2023
